| ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠴᠦᠭᠡᠨ | ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠰᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨᠳᠠ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ | ᠨᠤᠮ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ᠄ | 1. ︽ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾ | ︽ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ 1725 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠭᠡ | ᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠷᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | ︽ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾ ᠢ 1980 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠴᠤᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠭᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ | ᠭᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠨ᠂ ︽ᠦᠪᠤᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠪᠯᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠ︾ ᠭᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠦᠯᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠤᠷᠢᠳ ᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠭᠡᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ | ᠦᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | 2. ︽ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ︾ | ︽ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠭᠠᠷᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ︾ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠤᠨ 1740 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ | 1742 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ︽ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ︵ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ᠂ 9 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ︶ | 3. ︽ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ | ︽ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠷᠬᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ︾ ᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ | ᠭᠦᠩ ᠮᠦᠨ 18 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠴᠢᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠭᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠢᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠲᠤᠯᠢ ᠳᠤ | ᠠᠰᠢᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠢᠷᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠠᠯᠠᠪᠠᠯ ᠤᠷᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠮᠢᠳ᠋ᠲ ᠠᠪᠤᠭᠠᠢ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ᠂ ᠺᠠᠨᠠᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠁᠃ | ︵ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾᠂ 9 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ︶ | 4. ︽ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ︾ | ︽ᠲᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠯᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ | ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢ ︽ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ︵︽ᠭᠠᠩᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠬᠠᠯ︾᠂ 11 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ︶ | 5. ︽ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ︾ | ︽ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠡᠮᠨᠡᠯᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ︽ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ 2 ︵ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ︶︾ ᠳᠤ᠄ ︽ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠦᠩ ᠭᠤᠮᠪᠤᠵᠠᠪ ᠤᠨ ︿ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠳᠦ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠪᠳᠡᠷ﹀ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ | ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠮ᠂ ᠶᠠᠩᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠡᠳᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠬᠢᠳᠠᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠵᠤ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︵ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠢ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ 1438 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ︶ | 6. ︽ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ | ᠤᠭᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ︾ | ︽ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ | ᠤᠭᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠠᠪᠵᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠨᠵᠢᠨᠳᠠᠬᠪᠠ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠢ ︽ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ 2 ︵ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠳᠦ︶︾ ᠳᠤ | ᠄ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠠᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ᠂ ᠨᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠨᠤᠮ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ | ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠠ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠮᠤᠯᠤᠮ ᠵᠠᠪᠵᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠲᠠᠭᠵᠢᠨᠳᠠᠭᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ︵18 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ︾ ︵ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠦᠰᠦᠭ ᠤᠨ | ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠠᠷᠢᠯᠭᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠤᠭᠳᠠᠷᠭᠤᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠢ﹀ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠷᠠᠳᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ | ᠦᠨᠡᠯᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠠᠮᠳᠤ᠂ ︽ᠡᠨᠡ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠵᠠᠢ | ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ︵ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠢ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ 1438 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ︶ | 7. ︽ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠢᠭᠡ︾ | ︽ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠢᠭᠡ︾ ᠶᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠷᠠᠪᠵᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨᠠ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1936 | ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠬᠤᠱᠤᠢ ᠰᠡᠴᠠᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠤᠳᠨᠠᠮᠷᠠᠪᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠯᠢᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠭᠰᠤᠯᠳᠠ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠪᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠠᠰᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠶᠢᠳᠤᠯ ᠨᠢ ︽ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠭᠯᠢᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠤᠳᠨᠠᠮᠷᠠᠪᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠬᠠᠳᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ | ᠭᠠᠩᠳᠤᠩᠳᠧᠴᠢᠯᠢᠩ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠱᠠᠪᠢ ᠲᠠᠸᠠᠰᠠᠮᠪᠤᠤ ᠭᠤᠸᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ — ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯᠴᠢ᠂ | ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠫ᠊ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠫ᠊ ᠲᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠮᠤᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ ᠤᠷᠴᠢᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠤ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ︽ | ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠪᠯᠡᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠺᠤᠮᠢᠰ︾ | ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠲᠤᠪᠬᠢᠮᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠪᠯᠡᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠬᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ᠂ ᠦᠨᠦᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ | ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠢᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ | ︽ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠢᠭᠡ︾ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠷᠠᠪᠵᠢᠮᠪᠠ᠂ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠦᠷᠠ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ᠂ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠴᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠳᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠰᠢᠷᠠᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ | ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ | ᠮᠡᠳᠤ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ︽ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠢᠭᠡ︾ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠳᠠᠯᠠ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ | ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ 12 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ | ᠭᠠᠭᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠤᠳᠨᠠᠮᠷᠠᠪᠳᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ ᠯᠡ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠮᠵᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡ | ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯ | ᠭᠦᠢᠴᠡᠳᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ — ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠤᠳᠨᠠᠮᠷᠠᠪᠳᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠡᠶᠡᠴᠢ | ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ︽ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠢᠭᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠨᠠᠮᠷᠠᠪᠳᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ︽ᠬᠤᠪᠢ | ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ︾ ᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠤᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠳᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠨᠴᠠᠯᠢᠭ᠂ | ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ᠂ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠳᠦ ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠰ᠂ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ᠂ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ | ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠤᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠦᠨ ᠴᠦ ᠠᠰᠤᠷᠤ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠦᠨᠠ ᠴᠠᠨᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ︽ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠢᠭᠡ︾ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠶᠢᠴᠢ ᠠᠴᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ︽ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠢᠭᠡ︾ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠪᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ | ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠴᠤᠬᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠩᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡ᠂ ︽ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠤᠪᠤᠳ ᠡᠷᠢᠭᠡ︾ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠰᠠ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦ᠊ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠮᠳᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳ ᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠦᠨᠡ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ | ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠵᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠷᠠᠪᠵᠢᠮᠪᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠦ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠮᠦᠨ᠃ | 8. ︽ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ︾ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢ | ᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠯ ᠵᠤᠶᠢᠯ | ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠳᠠ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠠ᠂ ᠨᠠᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠡᠷᠳᠠ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ | ᠭᠡᠯᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠂ | ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠨᠡᠯᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠮᠠᠯ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠭᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠱᠠᠬᠢᠵᠠᠮᠤᠨᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠳᠦᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ | ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠡᠳ 1721 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ 1721 ᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠨ | ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢᠭᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ᠂ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ | ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ 7 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷ ᠵᠢᠴᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠤ | ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠤ᠂ 1916 ᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ | ᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠳᠤᠪᠳᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠭᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠡᠳ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠰᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠦᠵᠡᠪᠡᠯ᠂ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ 1916 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ | ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ︽ᠲᠠᠩᠽᠢ︾ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠯᠳᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠨᠦᠭᠦᠭᠡ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠳ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠯᠳᠠ ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠳᠠᠯᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | 9. ︽ᠷᠠᠪ ᠵᠠᠯᠠ ᠭᠡᠮᠡᠭᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠤᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠯᠢᠳ᠋︾ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠩ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭ ᠭᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷᠯᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠦᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 8.5cm ᠤᠷᠳᠤ ᠨᠢ | 23cm ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠ 40 ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠰᠤ 80 ᠨᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ 1948 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠪᠤᠯ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠡᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ᠂ 1949 ᠤᠨ | ᠤ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠳᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠤ ᠭᠡᠨᠡ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮᠵᠢᠯᠠᠯ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ | ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠡᠯᠡᠳᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠨᠠᠰᠢᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ 1000 | ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦᠦ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠷᠬᠠᠨ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠡ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠲᠤᠪᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠦᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ | ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠭᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠨᠡᠩ ᠴᠢᠬᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠢ᠂ 1949 ᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ | ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ — ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠠᠷᠠ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠ᠂ | ᠰᠠᠷᠠ ᠭᠭᠢᠷᠳᠦᠭᠦ᠂ ᠡᠰᠢ ᠡᠷᠭᠡᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠴᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠠᠷᠭᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠵᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨᠠ᠃ ᠭᠡᠪᠡᠴᠦ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠭᠴᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤᠷ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠬᠢᠨ | ᠤ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠷᠯᠢᠭ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠭᠡ ᠤᠭᠠᠯᠵᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠠᠨ | ᠴᠢᠮᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠭᠦ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠭᠡᠳᠦᠶᠢᠪᠡᠷ ᠵᠢᠵᠢᠭᠭᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ | ᠦᠯᠡᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ 1949 ᠭᠡᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠯᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠭᠡᠮ ᠤᠨ | ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠤᠯᠠᠷᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨᠵᠢᠯᠡᠭᠦ | ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠦᠪᠰᠢᠨ᠂ ᠬᠢᠷᠢ ᠭᠡᠮᠵᠢᠶᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠦᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠮᠠᠲ᠋ᠧᠷᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ | ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ | 10. ︽ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠭ᠍ᠮᠢᠳᠳᠠᠨᠽᠠᠨᠵᠠᠮᠰᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠤᠷᠤᠰᠢᠪᠠᠢ︾ | ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ ᠭᠦᠮᠪᠦᠮ ᠭᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠤᠤᠰᠢ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠦᠮᠪᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠ ᠰᠤᠩᠭᠤᠭᠳᠠᠨ | ᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠳᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠴᠠᠭᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ | ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠷᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠯᠠᠮᠠ — | ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠷᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠯᠤᠪᠰᠠᠩᠨᠢᠩᠷᠠᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠲᠤᠷᠤᠭᠰᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠷᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨᠳᠦᠪᠳᠤᠨ | ᠭᠦᠷᠳᠡᠯᠡ 6 ᠤᠳᠠᠭᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠷᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠯᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ | ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠮᠳᠠᠷᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠵᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠤᠰ ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠤᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠢ ᠭᠦᠮᠦᠨ᠂ | ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ᠂ ᠴᠠᠭ᠂ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠨᠢ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠤᠷ ᠨᠠᠨᠳᠢᠨ | ᠦᠨᠡ ᠦᠷᠳᠡᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠃ | ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠢᠨᠵᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠰᠢᠭ ᠪᠤᠯᠪᠠᠴᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ | ᠦᠶᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠯᠡ ᠲᠠᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰᠬᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ | ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠨᠡᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠯ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠢ 10 ᠰᠤᠳᠤᠷ ᠪᠤᠯ | ᠤᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠵᠤᠬᠢᠶᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠤᠳᠤᠷᠠᠬᠢ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠦ ᠴᠢᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠢᠱᠢᠶᠠ | ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠨᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠦᠵᠦᠮᠦᠴᠢᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠶᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡᠨ ᠭᠦᠭᠵᠢᠯᠳᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠢᠳᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠦᠵᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠦ | ᠲᠡᠤᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢ ᠪᠤᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠳᠠᠢ᠃ | |